Economic Impacts of Business Events

Question: Write a Report on Economic Impacts of Business Events. Answer: Introduction This study deals with introducing business events in Australian Economy and presented in reflective style of writing. Reflective style will help in understanding the knowledge gained by students at the time of attending the class session. Events refer as our lives as well as community and our culture. This takes into consideration private or family events like birthdays and weddings. This also includes religious events like christenings (Stokes, 2015). Business Events Value Pyramid Business Events Value Pyramid consists of four parts. The first part is Visitor economy impacts that measures the economic contribution of international visitors as well as domestic overnight travelers and day trippers travelling beyond 50 Km (Mules Faulkner, 2016). The next part is Total economic impacts that measures the broader economic contribution of local events attendees travelling within 50km as well as event organizers and suppliers. The third part signifies indirect impacts that involve intangible benefits that are generated by business events that are reviewed from the available research insights and needs of the sector. Business Events in Australia The business events in Australia majorly deliver significant economic benefit to Australia (Jago Shaw, 2013). This means business events generates strong visitor yield in a way where there is high daily expenditure of participants. Business events delivers much more than the tourism spend. It depends upon the tourism benefits whereby business events has wide as well as enduring benefits in association with managing business relationships, knowledge as well as transfer and employment industry development. Cultural Significance of Events Events will have either direct or indirect cultural impact in the Australian economy. Direct cultural impacts involve celebrations of cultural diversity as well as enrichment. On the other hand, indirect cultural impact takes into consideration crossing cultural boundaries ad bringing the generations together (Jago Shaw, 2013). Strategic significance of Events Events can even be utilized by government as well as by private sector for supporting range of strategic initiatives. This involves government strategic initiatives such as community event at a local level (Hiller, 2016). It involves tourism promotion both at state as well as federal level. On the other hand, private sector strategic initiatives involve corporate conferences for developing networks as well as stimulating innovation. I would further like to share the meetings and conventions for sharing state of the art information. Value I believe that Value has number of measures that include business events as the travel industry highest yielding sector at the time of taking into account both in terms of direct as well as indirect contributions. I would like to reveal that business events represent multi-billion industries. I have noticed generating export dollars as well as stimulating trade and business migration. Tourism and Economic Impacts of Events Positive Impacts- This involves the destination promotion or increased tourist visits. This means extended length of stay and higher yield by increasing the tax revenue. It takes into consideration job creation as well as attracting the sponsorship fees and grants (Dwyer et al., 2014). Negative Impacts- This means community resistance to tourism, authenticity loss as well as exploitation and opportunity costs. It further affects reputation loss and inflation prices at the same time (Dwyer et al., 2015). Factors that Influence Economic Benefits I have understood that there are wide variety of factors that influences the economic benefits that involves the market area, spending habits, length of event, attribution problem as well as capital investments and capital operating costs. Key Statistics for Australia for the Period 2015 to 2016 Revenue- $ 10.8 Billion Profit- $ 2.2 Billion Annual Growth- 2.4% Wages- $ 2.3 Billion Annual Growth- 1.3% Business- 2166 Figure: Industry Data (Source: Dwyer, Forsyth Spurr, 2016) Business Events that delivers Economic Affluence for Australia The trade proceedings sector elucidates financial activity that straight measures the metrics by foundation the information formation as well as trade. This includes innovation as well as speculation among other positive impacts (Burgan Mules, 2013). International business events plays major role by building strong as well as productive and diverse in an Australian economy. Across the world, trade events act as a tactical tool for attracting trade, investment as well as global aptitude. Governments invest as well as support business event sector for recognizing the high yield as well as long-standing benefits that is possessed from enlargement in the visitor and other knowledge-based economy. Local, state and national governments are keen in supporting Business Events Australia Convention Bureau recognizes the collective responsibility for promoting Australia as a premier international trade proceedings purpose (Mules Faulkner, 2016). It means achieving in conducting seamless as well as united approach that relies upon partnership with Tourism Australia and industry. It takes into consideration the economic gains in the intercontinental proceedings that are widely diffused that provides direct hold from government as well as justified at local, state and national level. I would like to state the action required that involves encouraging stronger teamwork between Tourism Australia as well as State or Territory or Tourism Organization for promoting regional Australia by inviting international delegates for pre and post touring. Social and Economic Impact of large-Scale Business Events for Individuals and Communities I would state the fact that social impact takes into consideration volunteering legacies as well as interest in sport activities. On the other hand, economic impact reveals increased employment as well as tourism activities. I have seen that measuring the financial, environmental as well as social bottom of an event whereby it reflects upon the public attitude that finances in the given condition. It majorly creates balanced view of performance by taking into consideration the performance indicators such as economic, social and environmental impacts (Mules Faulkner, 2016). Conclusion: At the end of the study, I would like to conclude that International business events plays major role in building stronger as well as productive and diverse culture in the Australian economy. In and across the planet, trade events will be used as planned tools for attracting trade as well as speculation and global talent. Therefore, Governments invest more for supporting the business event sector as it will recognize high-yield and long-standing profit in the most appropriate way. References: Burgan, B., Mules, T. (2013). Reconciling costbenefit and economic impact assessment for event tourism. Tourism Economics, 7(4), 321-330. Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Spurr, R. (2016). Assessing the economic impacts of events: A computable general equilibrium approach. Journal of Travel Research, 45(1), 59-66. Dwyer, L., Mellor, R., Mistilis, N., Mules, T. (2015). A framework for assessing tangible and intangible impacts of events and conventions. Event management, 6(3), 175-189. Dwyer, L., Mellor, R., Mistilis, N., Mules, T. (2014). Forecasting the economic impacts of events and conventions. Event Management, 6(3), 191-204. Hiller, H. H. (2016). Assessing the impact of mega-events: a linkage model. Current issues in tourism, 1(1), 47-57. Jago, L. K., Shaw, R. N. (2013). Special events: A conceptual and definitional framework. Festival management and event tourism, 5(1-1), 21-32. Mules, T., Faulkner, B. (2016). An economic perspective on special events. Tourism economics, 2(2), 107-117. Stokes, R. (2015). Tourism strategy making: Insights to the events tourism domain. Tourism management, 29(2), 252-262.

Men vs Woman Salaries free essay sample

The paper will analyze the differences between women and men salaries. The salaries are definitely higher for men than women in all age groups. Women with higher education will receive higher pay but not equal to men with the same years of experience due to gender, and education. The data statements that were found was that males work longer than females which may cause a lower percentage in salary for females, and that females do not negotiate salary as much as men. Another issue aused is that women in the workforce are less likely to work a full-time schedule, and leave the labor force for longer periods of time than men, which repress womens wages. These differing work patterns lead to an even larger earnings gap between men, and women suggesting that working women are penalized for their dual roles as wage earners, and those who disproportionately care for home and family. We will write a custom essay sample on Men vs Woman Salaries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We learned that the wage gap is a statistical indicator often used as an index of the status of womens earnings relative to mens. According to (Wage Gap, 2010) the age gap is expressed as a percentage in 2006, women earned 76. 6% as much as men, and it is calculated by dividing the median annual earnings for women by the median annual earnings for men. The (Wage Gap, 2010) website states that Equal Pay Act was signed in 1963, making it illegal for employers to pay unequal wages to men and women who was employed for the same Job and accomplished the same work. As stated by (Wage Gap, 2010) website that the event of the EPAs passage, women earned Just 58 cents for every dollar earned by men. It stated that in (Wage Gap, 2010) website that in 2006 the rate had only expand to 77 cents, an nhancement of less than half a penny a year. Minority women fare the worst. African American women earn Just 64 cents to every dollar earned by white men, and for Hispanic women whose fgure drops to merely 52 cents per dollars stated (Wage Gap, 2010). According to (Wage Gap, 2010) The wage gap between women and men cuts across a wide spectrum of occupations. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that in 2007 female financial advisors earned 53. % of the median weekly wages of male financial advisors, and women in sales occupations earned Just 64. 8% of mens wages in equivalent positions. Throughout the years females have been discussing salary differences. Women complain of having fewer opportunities to prove their knowledge, or experiences compare to opportunities granted to men. According to the U. S Department of Education, over the past two decades, women have made substantial educa tional progress. The large gaps between the educational levels of women and men that were evident in the early 1970s have essentially disappeared for the younger generation. Although they still lag behind males in mathematics and science achievement, high school females on average outperform males in reading nd writing. And take more credits in academic subjects. The U. S. Department of Education also revealed that females are more likely than males to attend college Center for Education Statistics, 1995). Some of the continuous complaints about executives with regards to female employees are that males are more likely to stay working for longer periods of time than females. Corporations are being forced to change its rules and regulations in order to follow governmentregulations that have been taking place with regards to equal opportunities, and equal pay to both, male and female. The National Center for Education Statistics reported that in 1993 that the average earnings of female high school graduates aged 25-34 were more than one-third lower than those of male graduates the same age. Similarly, female college graduates earn, on average, salaries that are 80 percent of what their male counterparts receive. (p. 3, 92). Differences in salaries between male and female will continue despite all rules and regulations. Female will need to be more aggressive in order to negotiate a better salary. Even though women are considered to be smarter than men in some opics such as math and reading, males still get higher salaries, even when females are as qualified for the Job as a male.

How to Write an IB History Paper

How to Write an IB History Paper'Ib History Paper' Sample Essay for English Class: It is the year 1994. Your school has appointed a group of representatives to prepare Ib History papers for students who would like to take the examination. You, of course, are one of the representatives. You should prepare an IB History paper to assess the strengths and weaknesses of your peers.Because you have been elected to prepare a writing sample for all of the other representatives in your school administration, you will need to select a topic that is non-stereotypical and unusual. Perhaps it will be about some kind of historical event? Maybe it will be about the difficult days during the cold war. You can imagine the exciting things they can think up!How well you write, of course, will depend upon the type of situation and how the event was perceived at the time, by the student's perspective. But as a starting point, you should give your IB History paper a title that is interesting and engaging, and that will interest the other representatives. After all, if you have the opportunity to explain to them what took place in the past, what was the cause of the event, and why it was important, you should use this opportunity to do so!For an example of a great IB History paper, the website of a college writing center is very helpful. I have always been impressed with their collections of sample essays. You will find writing samples for IB History, IB Chemistry, IB Physics, IB History and more. And, if you want to help them improve their ability to predict the future, you can even purchase one-on-one coaching from them!As I mentioned earlier, you'll need to select a topic that is both exciting and informative. Remember, the people who will be analyzing your paper will be doingso on behalf of their peers, so you have to make sure that your essay is impressive. A subject that will surprise them is always good, as is a topic that will draw their attention.If you have decided to write an essay about the Spanish Civil War, for example, you can choose the topic 'The Spanish Civil War,' or you can choose one of several other titles that might be interesting to others in the class. But, remember, they are all in competition, and you want to stand out from the crowd. Once you have a topic picked out, it is time to research it.The more research you do, the better prepared you will be to write. Some of the information you may need to know is where to find facts, an interesting fact, or even a reference to an interesting fact. Some of the information you may need to know includes how to structure your essay, how to check the facts you know, how to explain what the writers of the IB history work are saying, and the best way to express yourself.IB History paper requires excellent preparation and research skills. If you plan on doing well on your written exam, this is a great way to start.

Molar Entropy Change of a Reaction - Example Problem

Molar Entropy Change of a Reaction Problem This example problem demonstrates how to find the entropy of reaction from standard molar entropy data on the reactants and products. Entropy is calculated as a change in the level of entropy before and after a chemical reaction. Essentially, it reflects whether the amount of disorder or randomness in the system increased or decreased as a consequence of the reaction. Standard Molar Entropy Change Problem What is the standard molar entropy change of the following reaction? 4 NH3(g) 5 O2(g) → 4 NO(g) 6 H2O(g)Given:SÂ °NH3 193 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °O2 205 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °NO 211 J/KÂ ·molSÂ °H2O 189 J/KÂ ·mol (Note, in this type of problem youll either be given the molar entropy values of the reactants and products or youll need to look them up in a table.)SolutionThe change in the standard molar entropy of a reaction can be found by the difference between the sum of the molar entropies of the products and the sum of the molar entropies of the reactants.ΔSÂ °reaction ÃŽ £npSÂ °products - ÃŽ £nrSÂ °reactantsΔSÂ °reaction (4 SÂ °NO 6 SÂ °H2O) - (4 SÂ °NH3 5 SÂ °O2)ΔSÂ °reaction (4(211 J/KÂ ·K) 6(189 J/KÂ ·mol)) - (4(193 J/KÂ ·mol) 5(205 J/KÂ ·mol))ΔSÂ °reaction (844 J/KÂ ·K 1134 J/KÂ ·mol) - (772 J/KÂ ·mol 1025 J/KÂ ·mol)ΔSÂ °reaction 1978 J/KÂ ·mol - 1797 J/KÂ ·mol)ΔSÂ °reaction 181 J/KÂ ·molWe can check our work using the techniques introduced in this example problem. The reaction involves all gasses and the number of moles of products is greater than the number of moles of reactants so the expected change in entropy should be pos itive. Answer The standard molar entropy change of the reaction is 181 J/KÂ ·mol.

A Literature Review About Mecication Errors Essay Example for Free

A Literature Review About Mecication Errors Essay ? An error rate of 5% is acceptable in most industries, however, in the health care industry; one single error can result in death. (Berntsen, 2004, p5) This paper discusses medication errors in relation to pharmacology and drug treatment. It will summarize three academic peer reviewed journal articles, followed by general information in relation to medication errors, the impact of medication errors on client care, strategies to prevent medication errors  and conclude with the relationship to nursing. Summary of Articles Related to Medication Errors. The first article is by Karin Berntsen, 2004, and is entitled â€Å"How Far Has Health Care Come Since ‘To Err is Human’? Exploring Use of Medical Error Data†. This is a review of what changes have been made since a medication error report written by the Institute of Medicine was published in 1999. This article depicts how the health care system has changed since this 1999 report was written, and how the information was utilized for our benefit. They concluded that in the USA, medical errors were one of the top 8 leading causes of death. They reported the cost for these errors was between $17 Billion to $29 billion dollars. Until a new report is completed, health care providers will be unaware whether their goals in increasing patient safety were accomplished. The article finalizes that there has been progress in regards to prevention of medication errors and health care leaders feel passionate about increasing patient safety. (Berntsen 2004) The second article is by William N. Kelly, 2004, and is titled â€Å"Medication Errors: Lessons Learned and Actions Needed† and highlights the death of a one year old child who was diagnosed with cancer. She subsequently died, not from the cancer, but from receiving an incorrect dosage of a drug that she was being treated with. This report indicates that medications are systematically checked and balanced and errors are usually caught before a drug is administered to a patient. The article states that problems are not being solved in a timely manner since the industry has been â€Å"putting ‘band aids’ on problems that need ‘major surgery’.(Kelly 2004). In conclusion, the article questions whether or not they are taking the right approach in preventing errors. Many people are trying to fix this problem however; errors are still made too frequently. (Kelly 2004) The final article is by Rosemary M. Preston, 2004, and is titled â€Å"Drug Errors and Patient Safety: A Need for Change in Practice†. This article presents that errors continue to happen for many reasons. It concentrates upon calculations errors, lack of knowledge of drugs, over/under dosing drugs,  interactions with drugs and food, and legalities regarding drug administration. It also presents recommendations to minimize the risk of drug errors with good communication and honesty. The article closes by stating that â€Å"nurses should never estimate the skills needed for safe administration of medicines.† (Preston 2004) Key aspects: medication errors and their causes. To understand the impact that medication errors have on a patient, we have to understand what a medication error is. According to Health Canada online, a medication error is defined as: Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer. Such events may be related to professional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing; order communication; product labelling, packaging, and nomenclature; compounding; dispensing; distribution; administration; education; monitoring; and use.† [Developed for use by the National Coordinating Council on Medication Error Reporting and Prevention]( http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Medication errors occur for a variety of reasons. An error can affect all areas of a health care facility from health care management, staff, physicians, pharmacy and especially patients. Studies have indicated that errors will usually occur when the staff demonstrates signs of fatigue, stress, are over-worked or encounter frequent interruptions and distractions. When physicians display bad handwriting, ineffective communication with patients, and do not educate staff and patients effectively, a medication error is more likely to happen. Poor management can result in more medication errors when there is an emphasis on volume, over service quality. This results in inadequate staffing and disorganization. Medication errors affect all components of the health care environment. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) As disturbing as it sounds, one miniscule error can result in a patient’s injury or can even lead to their death. According to the American Journal of Medicine, statistics reveal that â€Å"more than two million American hospitalized patients suffered a serious adverse drug reaction in relation to injury within the 12-month period and, of these, over 100,000 died as a result.† http://www4.nationalacademies.org/news) Death and injury is a sad reality to any single error. The government established six rights of drug administration to prevent medication errors and ensure accuracy. These six rights include: Right drug, right dose, Right client, right route, right time and right documentation. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Injuries that result from a medication error are called adverse drug events. Usually, these unpleasant effects can be eliminated and injury can be avoided. However, every drug produces harmful side effects, but the severities of these effects vary from individual to individual. These side effects also depend on the drug and the dose given. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Health care professionals must report all errors and are accountable for their actions. No matter how insignificant, nurses are taught to document and report all mistakes. When statistics show what types of errors are made, an analysis can be done. This analysis can be used to plan ways to prevent them medication errors. (Berntsen, 2004)When a nurse does not report a mistake, the probability that it will happen again will increase. Medication errors have a huge impact on client care. They can result in death, injury, and result in unwanted effects of drugs. It is our responsibility as nurses to comply with the clients’ six rights of drug administration, to prevent errors from taking place. Strategies to prevent medication errors. There are many efficient ways to prevent nurses from making an error. To ensure patient safety in all aspects of client care, nurses are taught to think critically, and to problem solve. Nurses use critical thinking to ensure safe, knowledgeable, nursing performance and they must be able to keep up with updated health facts by constantly educating themselves with new information. (Kozier & Erb 2004) Critical thinking assists in the prevention of medication errors. The six rights in drug administration help prevent medication errors from occurring. It is important to maintain the highest standards of practice of these rights for a drug to be prepared properly. Failure to adhere to any one of these rights will definitely result in a medication error. (Clayton & Stock, 2004) Take your time when preparing medications and research any unknown drugs. Rushing should be avoided when preparing, administering and reading medication labels. Proper research must be done before an unfamiliar drug is administered it to a client. Even when in a rushed emergency situation, drugs should be looked at carefully to know the correct concentration and name of the drug, to prevent injury. (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Labels should be read carefully and accurately. Before a drug is given to a patient, three checks should be done to ensure you are giving the proper drug and dose. In a situation where you are unsure of a drug order, you are expected to refuse the order and clarify it by law. If an individual is unfamiliar with a particular drug, the drug should not be given. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) When a label is unclear, do not try not to examine the drug order yourself. Do not ask an associate, or ask for anyone else’s interpretation of the drug. To get the correct information, contact the individual who ordered the drug to clarify the label. In order to decrease the chances of error, verify all unclear hand writing, abbreviations, decimal points, decimal places and dosages. (http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157-/166.asp) Use of dosage abbreviations should not be used to avoid drug miscalculations. Dosage abbreviations are misinterpreted more often, than any other type of abbreviation. Using standardized abbreviations, would assist in preventing misinterpretation of abbreviations. (Preston 2004) A drug check should be done three times prior to the administration of a drug. The drug label should correspond with the physician’s orders. The three checks should be done; â€Å"Before removing the drug from the shelf or dosage cart, before preparing or measuring the actual prescribed dose, and before replacing the drug on the shelf or before opening a unit dose container, just before administering a dose to a patient.† (Clayton & Stock, 2004) Do not make assumptions regarding drugs. Physicians, pharmacists, make mistakes and other parts of the health system may be flawed. For example, when documentation shows the patient has no drug allergy, it is wrongful to assume the patient will have no adverse reaction to a new drug. This could result in detrimental results to a client’s health. Therefore no assumptions should ever me made. (http://www.ismp.org-/ToolsAllina-Orientation.html) A quiet environment for preparing medications will prevent prescription errors from occurring. Sometimes, nurses are repeatedly interrupted when preparing a medication. Distractions interfere with processing information and decision making. Errors will least likely occur when preparations are done when there are no distractions. (http://www.ismp.org-/ToolsAllina-Orientation.html) When preventing errors, staff must be certain all dosage calculations are correct and clarified. It may be beneficial to ask a colleague to assist you in checking doses, to minimize the chance of miscalculations. Other suggestions to minimize error include; â€Å"making pre-calculated conversion cards, always use a leading zero before a decimal, never use a zero after the decimal and include indications whenever possible. Miscalculations are preventable if proper methods of inspecting calculations are used.† (Preston  2004, p.72) Assess for the effects of drugs to avoid harming a client. A client must be assessed before and after a drug is given. For instance, before giving an oral medication, assess whether the client can swallow or feels nauseated. An appropriate follow up should be done after a medication is administered. It is important to check if the client experienced the desired effect of the drug. Significant abnormal responses to drug should be reported to the physician. (Kozier & Erb 2004) To finalize this assignment, medication errors are mistakes that can cause harm to patients and can even result in death. The articles that have been summarized illustrate situations where medication errors have occurred and review what the health care industry is doing to prevent errors. A medication error is preventable and errors can be caused by a variety of reasons. This paper has discussed the impact medication errors have on client care and strategies of how to prevent errors from occurring. As a nurse, this knowledge will assist me in keeping beneficence a priority for client care. Clayton, Bruce D., BS, RPh, PharmD, and Yvonne N. Stock, MS, BSN, RN. Basic Pharmacology for Nurses. 13th ed. United States of America: Mosby, 2004. Government of Canada Online. (2004, Summer). Retrieved July 18, 2004, from Health Canada Web site: (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Kelly, William N. â€Å"Medication Errors.† Professional Safety 49: 35. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Assiniboine Community College. 22 July 2004 . Government of Canada Online. (2004, Summer). Retrieved July 18, 2004, from Health Canada Web site: (http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/index.html) Kozier & Erb, Barbara, et al. Fundamentals of Nursing. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. Minimizing Medication Errors. (n.d.). In NAPRA: National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities. Retrieved July 17, 2004, from NAPRA: National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities Web site: http://www.napra.org/docs/0/95/157/166.asp Preston, Rosemary M. â€Å"Drug errors and patients safety: the need for a change in practice.† British Journal of Nursing (BJN) 13: 72. Academic Search Elite. EBSCO. Assiniboine Community College. 22 July 2004 . A Literature Review About Mecication Errors. (2016, Jul 22).

Opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Opinion - Essay Example ovide the police officers with protection from the retaliation of the surprised residents as they might retaliate in self-defense, to provide the private property with protection from harm, and to safeguard the dignity and privacy of the residents. Considering the details of the Hudson v. Michigan case, it becomes obvious that the police officers did not face retaliation from the residents. They neither damaged any private property of the residents nor harmed the dignity of the residents and particularly Hudson. Although his privacy might be considered intruded into, yet this is balanced out by the fact that Officer Jamal Good did wait for three to five seconds before entering Hudson’s home, which can be considered a reasonable time considering the fact that the investigation was made fundamentally to find drugs and firearms that could have easily been hidden had the police waited any longer. Besides, the knock-and-announce rule was never employed to protect the personal inter est of a resident in hiding the evidence needed by a warrant from the government. If Hudson was granted his appeal, the negative effects of the decision would have far outweighed the positive outcomes and the decision would have led to increased and unreasonable freedom of the convicts in the future cases as well. The criminal procedure in the US is derived from a range of legal sources that include but are not limited to the US Constitution’s baseline protections, state statutes, federal statutes, state and federal rules regarding the criminal procedure, and the federal and state case laws. The criminal procedure in the US has a very rational process of presentation of evidence in which the case is first presented by the prosecution in which the prosecution summarizes its arguments through an opening statement. The defense in turn might wait for the prosecution to complete its presentation of the case completely or might give its opening statement. The prosecution calls upon the

Quiz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Quiz - Assignment Example This will help out during fluctuation in the price of the securities in the portfolio. If data from the set of securities are gathered and plotted on a graph with annual rate of return on y-axis while standard deviation of the cost of the security on x-axis, there will be a region bounded by a curve sloping up. This curve is referred to as efficient frontier. The first characteristics is that the portfolios that gives the highest return are the one selected, this portfolio are the one that lies above the curve referred to as efficient frontier. Those points found above the efficient frontier gives the best return for the portfolio as opposed to those that are below sometimes referred to as submerged points. The second characteristics of efficient frontier is that it is a curve not s straight line. This is because the return securities in the portfolio are not same each security has its own level of return and risk associated to it (Hirt & Block, 1990). So any point found on this curve is the best alternative or asset to be included in the portfolio. Yes they do. First because they points in the frontier keeps on moving as time progresses the risk level and expected return changes. This will result to the point associated with that security moving upwards if the changes were favorable. Secondly efficient frontier depends on the number of securities in the portfolio, so if securities in a given portfolio are of good number there is a high chance of some points being on top of the efficient frontier. Yes it is possible if the bond has lower coupon rate hence longer period of payment. In bond duration refers to the weighted average period of time required before the actual cash flows starts to be received. The weighted average is not the nominal value of the cash flow but rather the present value. According to (Fabozzi, 2002) investors really need to know the duration for them to know or predict how the market price of bond will be affected by due to